Glossary

Concentric rings. Dashed-line circles depicted in the plan Control pressures. The amount of physical exertion on the view of IAP charts, outside of the reference circle, that show control column necessary to achieve the desired attitude. en route and feeder facilities. Convective weather. Unstable, rising air found in Condensation. A change of state of water from a gas (water cumiliform clouds. vapor) to a liquid. Convective SIGMET. Weather advisory concerning Condensation nuclei. Small particles of solid matter in the convective weather significant to the safety of all aircraft, air on which water vapor condenses. including thunderstorms, hail, and tornadoes. Cone of confusion. A cone-shaped volume of airspace Conventional landing gear. Landing gear employing a third directly above a VOR station where no signal is received, rear-mounted wheel. These airplanes are also sometimes causing the CDI to fluctuate. referred to as tailwheel airplanes. Configuration. This is a general term, which normally refers Coordinated flight. Flight with a minimum disturbance of to the position of the landing gear and flaps. the forces maintaining equilibrium, established via effective control use. Constant-speed propeller. A controllable-pitch propeller whose pitch is automatically varied in flight by a governor COP. See changeover point. to maintain a constant rpm in spite of varying air loads. Coriolis illusion. The illusion of rotation or movement in an Continuous flow oxygen system. System that supplies entirely different axis, caused by an abrupt head movement, a constant supply of pure oxygen to a rebreather bag that while in a prolonged constant-rate turn that has ceased to dilutes the pure oxygen with exhaled gases and thus supplies a stimulate the brain’s motion sensing system. healthy mix of oxygen and ambient air to the mask. Primarily used in passenger cabins of commercial airliners. Coupled ailerons and rudder. Rudder and ailerons are connected with interconnected springs in order to counteract Control and performance. A method of attitude instrument adverse yaw. Can be overridden if it becomes necessary to flying in which one instrument is used for making attitude slip the aircraft. changes, and the other instruments are used to monitor the progress of the change. Course. The intended direction of flight in the horizontal plane measured in degrees from north. Control display unit. A display interfaced with the master computer, providing the pilot with a single control point Cowl flaps. Shutter-like devices arranged around certain for all navigations systems, thereby reducing the number of air-cooled engine cowlings, which may be opened or closed required flight deck panels. to regulate the flow of air around the engine. Controllability. A measure of the response of an aircraft Crew resource management (CRM). The application of relative to the pilot’s flight control inputs. team management concepts in the flight deck environment. It was initially known as cockpit resource management, Controllable-pitch propeller (CPP). A type of propeller but as CRM programs evolved to include cabin crews, with blades that can be rotated around their long axis to maintenance personnel, and others, the phrase “crew change their pitch. If the pitch can be set to negative values, resource management” was adopted. This includes single the reversible propeller can also create reverse thrust for pilots, as in most general aviation aircraft. Pilots of small braking or reversing without the need of changing the aircraft, as well as crews of larger aircraft, must make direction of shaft revolutions. effective use of all available resources; human resources, hardware, and information. A current definition includes Controlled airspace. An airspace of defined dimensions all groups routinely working with the flight crew who within which ATC service is provided to IFR and VFR flights are involved in decisions required to operate a flight in accordance with the airspace classification. It includes safely. These groups include, but are not limited to pilots, Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, and Class E airspace. dispatchers, cabin crewmembers, maintenance personnel, and air traffic controllers. CRM is one way of addressing the challenge of optimizing the human/machine interface and accompanying interpersonal activities. G-8