Glossary

Human factors. A multidisciplinary field encompassing the Ident. Air Traffic Control request for a pilot to push behavioral and social sciences, engineering, and physiology, the button on the transponder to identify return on the to consider the variables that influence individual and controller’s scope. crew performance for the purpose of optimizing human performance and reducing errors. IFR. See instrument flight rules. Hung start. In gas turbine engines, a condition of normal ILS. See instrument landing system. light off but with rpm remaining at some low value rather than increasing to the normal idle rpm. This is often the result of ILS categories. Categories of instrument approach insufficient power to the engine from the starter. In the event procedures allowed at airports equipped with the following of a hung start, the engine should be shut down. types of instrument landing systems: ILS Category I: Provides for approach to a height Hydroplaning. A condition that exists when landing on a above touchdown of not less than 200 feet, and with surface with standing water deeper than the tread depth of runway visual range of not less than 1,800 feet. the tires. When the brakes are applied, there is a possibility ILS Category II: Provides for approach to a height that the brake will lock up and the tire will ride on the above touchdown of not less than 100 feet and with surface of the water, much like a water ski. When the tires runway visual range of not less than 1,200 feet. are hydroplaning, directional control and braking action are virtually impossible. An effective anti-skid system can ILS Category IIIA: Provides for approach without minimize the effects of hydroplaning. a decision height minimum and with runway visual range of not less than 700 feet. Hypemic hypoxia. A type of hypoxia that is a result of ILS Category IIIB: Provides for approach without oxygen deficiency in the blood, rather than a lack of inhaled a decision height minimum and with runway visual oxygen. It can be caused by a variety of factors. Hypemic range of not less than 150 feet. means “not enough blood.” ILS Category IIIC: Provides for approach without a Hyperventilation. Occurs when an individual is experiencing decision height minimum and without runway visual emotional stress, fright, or pain, and the breathing rate and range minimum. depth increase, although the carbon dioxide level in the blood is already at a reduced level. The result is an excessive IMC. See instrument meteorological conditions. loss of carbon dioxide from the body, which can lead to unconsciousness due to the respiratory system’s overriding Inclinometer. An instrument consisting of a curved glass mechanism to regain control of breathing. tube, housing a glass ball, and damped with a fluid similar to kerosene. It may be used to indicate inclination, as a level, Hypoxia. A state of oxygen deficiency in the body sufficient or, as used in the turn indicators, to show the relationship to impair functions of the brain and other organs. between gravity and centrifugal force in a turn. Hypoxic hypoxia. This type of hypoxia is a result of Indicated airspeed (IAS). Shown on the dial of the insufficient oxygen available to the lungs. A decrease of instrument airspeed indicator on an aircraft. Indicated oxygen molecules at sufficient pressure can lead to hypoxic airspeed (IAS) is the airspeed indicator reading uncorrected hypoxia. for instrument, position, and other errors. Indicated airspeed means the speed of an aircraft as shown on its pitot static I airspeed indicator calibrated to reflect standard atmosphere adiabatic compressible flow at sea level uncorrected for IAF. See initial approach fix. airspeed system errors. Calibrated airspeed (CAS) is IAS corrected for instrument errors, position error (due to IAP. See instrument approach procedures. incorrect pressure at the static port) and installation errors. IAS. See indicated airspeed. Indicated altitude. The altitude read directly from the altimeter (uncorrected) when it is set to the current altimeter ICAO. See International Civil Aviation Organization. setting. G-15