Glossary

J Lateral stability (rolling). The stability about the longitudinal axis of an aircraft. Rolling stability or the ability Jet route. A route designated to serve flight operations from of an airplane to return to level flight due to a disturbance 18,000 feet MSL up to and including FL 450. that causes one of the wings to drop. Jet stream. A high-velocity narrow stream of winds, usually Latitude. Measurement north or south of the equator in found near the upper limit of the troposphere, which flows degrees, minutes, and seconds. Lines of latitude are also generally from west to east. referred to as parallels. Judgment. The mental process of recognizing and analyzing LDA. See localizer-type directional aid. all pertinent information in a particular situation, a rational evaluation of alternative actions in response to it, and a timely Lead radial. The radial at which the turn from the DME arc decision on which action to take. to the inbound course is started. K Leading edge. The part of an airfoil that meets the airflow first. KIAS. Knots indicated airspeed. Leading edge devices. High lift devices which are found Knot. The knot is a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile on the leading edge of the airfoil. The most common types (1.852 km) per hour, approximately 1.151 mph. are fixed slots, movable slats, and leading edge flaps. Kollsman window. A barometric scale window of a Leading-edge flap. A portion of the leading edge of an sensitive altimeter used to adjust the altitude for the airplane wing that folds downward to increase the camber, altimeter setting. lift, and drag of the wing. The leading-edge flaps are extended for takeoffs and landings to increase the amount L of aerodynamic lift that is produced at any given airspeed. LAAS. See local area augmentation system. Leans, the. A physical sensation caused by an abrupt correction Lag. The delay that occurs before an instrument needle attains of a banked attitude entered too slowly to stimulate the motion a stable indication. sensing system in the inner ear. The abrupt correction can create the illusion of banking in the opposite direction. Land breeze. A coastal breeze flowing from land to sea caused by temperature differences when the sea surface is Licensed empty weight. The empty weight that consists warmer than the adjacent land. The land breeze usually occurs of the airframe, engine(s), unusable fuel, and undrainable at night and alternates with the sea breeze that blows in the oil plus standard and optional equipment as specified in the opposite direction by day. equipment list. Some manufacturers used this term prior to GAMA standardization. Land as soon as possible. Land without delay at the nearest suitable area, such as an open field, at which a safe approach Lift. A component of the total aerodynamic force on an airfoil and landing is assured. and acts perpendicular to the relative wind. Land as soon as practical. The landing site and duration of Limit load factor. Amount of stress, or load factor, that an flight are at the discretion of the pilot. Extended flight beyond aircraft can withstand before structural damage or failure the nearest approved landing area is not recommended. occurs. Land immediately. The urgency of the landing is paramount. Lines of flux. Invisible lines of magnetic force passing The primary consideration is to ensure the survival of the between the poles of a magnet. occupants. Landing in trees, water, or other unsafe areas should be considered only as a last resort. L/MF. See low or medium frequency. Lateral axis. An imaginary line passing through the center LMM. See locator middle marker. of gravity of an airplane and extending across the airplane from wingtip to wingtip. G-17