Glossary

NRP. See National Route Program. Outside air temperature (OAT). The measured or indicated air temperature (IAT) corrected for compression and friction NSA. See National Security Area. heating. Also referred to as true air temperature. NTSB. See National Transportation Safety Board. Overcontrolling. Using more movement in the control column than is necessary to achieve the desired pitch-and- NWS. National Weather Service. bank condition. Overboost. A condition in which a reciprocating engine O has exceeded the maximum manifold pressure allowed by the manufacturer. Can cause damage to engine components. Obstacle departure procedures (ODP). A preplanned instrument flight rule (IFR) departure procedure printed for Overpower. To use more power than required for the purpose pilot use in textual or graphic form to provide obstruction of achieving a faster rate of airspeed change. clearance via the least onerous route from the terminal area to the appropriate en route structure. ODPs are recommended P for obstruction clearance and may be flown without ATC clearance unless an alternate departure procedure (SID or P-static. See precipitation static. radar vector) has been specifically assigned by ATC. PAPI. See precision approach path indicator. Obstruction lights. Lights that can be found both on and off an airport to identify obstructions. PAR. See precision approach radar. Occluded front. A frontal occlusion occurs when a fast- Parallels. Lines of latitude. moving cold front catches up with a slow moving warm front. The difference in temperature within each frontal system is Parasite drag. Drag caused by the friction of air moving a major factor in determining whether a cold or warm front over the aircraft structure; its amount varies directly with occlusion occurs. the airspeed. ODP. See obstacle departure procedures. Payload (GAMA). The weight of occupants, cargo, and baggage. OM. Outer marker. Personality. The embodiment of personal traits and Omission error. The failure to anticipate significant characteristics of an individual that are set at a very early instrument indications following attitude changes; for age and extremely resistant to change. example, concentrating on pitch control while forgetting about heading or roll information, resulting in erratic control P-factor. A tendency for an aircraft to yaw to the left due to of heading and bank. the descending propeller blade on the right producing more thrust than the ascending blade on the left. This occurs when Optical illusion. A misleading visual image. For the the aircraft’s longitudinal axis is in a climbing attitude in purpose of this handbook, the term refers to the brain’s relation to the relative wind. The P-factor would be to the misinterpretation of features on the ground associated right if the aircraft had a counterclockwise rotating propeller. with landing, which causes a pilot to misread the spatial relationships between the aircraft and the runway. PFD. See primary flight display. Orientation. Awareness of the position of the aircraft and of Phugoid oscillations. Long-period oscillations of an oneself in relation to a specific reference point. aircraft around its lateral axis. It is a slow change in pitch accompanied by equally slow changes in airspeed. Angle Otolith organ. An inner ear organ that detects linear of attack remains constant, and the pilot often corrects for acceleration and gravity orientation. phugoid oscillations without even being aware of them. Outer marker. A marker beacon at or near the glideslope PIC. See pilot in command. intercept altitude of an ILS approach. It is normally located four to seven miles from the runway threshold on the Pilotage. Navigation by visual reference to landmarks. extended centerline of the runway. G-22