Glossary

STAR. See standard terminal arrival route. Supercooled water droplets. Water droplets that have been cooled below the freezing point, but are still in a liquid state. Static longitudinal stability. The aerodynamic pitching moments required to return the aircraft to the equilibrium Surface analysis chart. A report that depicts an analysis of angle of attack. the current surface weather. Shows the areas of high and low pressure, fronts, temperatures, dewpoints, wind directions Static pressure. Pressure of air that is still or not moving, and speeds, local weather, and visual obstructions. measured perpendicular to the surface of the aircraft. Synchro. A device used to transmit indications of angular Static stability. The initial tendency an aircraft displays movement or position from one location to another. when disturbed from a state of equilibrium. Synthetic vision. A realistic display depiction of the aircraft Station. A location in the airplane that is identified by a in relation to terrain and flight path. number designating its distance in inches from the datum. The datum is, therefore, identified as station zero. An item T located at station +50 would have an arm of 50 inches. TAA. See terminal arrival area. Stationary front. A front that is moving at a speed of less TACAN. See tactical air navigation. than 5 knots. Tactical air navigation (TACAN). An electronic navigation Steep turns. In instrument flight, any turn greater than standard system used by military aircraft, providing both distance and rate; in visual flight, anything greater than a 45° bank. direction information. Stepdown fix. The point after which additional descent is Takeoff decision speed (V ). Per 14 CFR section 23.51: 1 permitted within a segment of an IAP. “the calibrated airspeed on the ground at which, as a result of engine failure or other reasons, the pilot assumed to have Strapdown system. An INS in which the accelerometers made a decision to continue or discontinue the takeoff.” and gyros are permanently “strapped down” or aligned with the three axes of the aircraft. Takeoff distance. The distance required to complete an all-engines operative takeoff to the 35-foot height. It must Stratoshere. A layer of the atmosphere above the tropopause be at least 15 percent less than the distance required for a extending to a height of approximately 160,000 feet. one-engine inoperative engine takeoff. This distance is not normally a limiting factor as it is usually less than the one- Stress. The body’s response to demands placed upon it. engine inoperative takeoff distance. Stress management. The personal analysis of the kinds of Takeoff safety speed (V ). Per 14 CFR part 1: “A referenced 2 stress experienced while flying, the application of appropriate airspeed obtained after lift-off at which the required one- stress assessment tools, and other coping mechanisms. engine-inoperative climb performance can be achieved.” Structural icing. The accumulation of ice on the exterior TAWS. See terrain awareness and warning system. of the aircraft. Taxiway lights. Omnidirectional lights that outline the edges Sublimation. Process by which a solid is changed to a gas of the taxiway and are blue in color. without going through the liquid state. Taxiway turnoff lights. Lights that are flush with the runway Suction relief valve. A relief valve in an instrument vacuum which emit a steady green color. system required to maintain the correct low pressure inside the instrument case for the proper operation of the gyros. TCAS. See traffic alert collision avoidance system. Supercharger. An engine- or exhaust-driven air compressor TCH. See threshold crossing height. used to provide additional pressure to the induction air so the engine can produce additional power. TDZE. See touchdown zone elevation. G-29