Aircraft Systems

Gravity-feed system Engine-driven pump Fuel-pump system Figure 7-30. Gravity-feed and fuel-pump systems. A T L A L K F E L O I F G F H B T 3 O 8 G T A H L A L T A T N IT D U IN D G E S LEFT RIGHT 19 gal 19 gal LEVEL LEVEL FLIGHT FLIGHT ONLY ONLY OFF Figure 7-31. Fuel selector valve. 7-26 R gi h t t a n k R gi h t t a n k Left tank BOTH Left tank TFEL RIGHT OFF BOTH TFEL RIGHT accuracy in fuel gauges only when they read “empty.” Any reading other than “empty” should be verified. Do not depend solely on the accuracy of the fuel quantity gauges. Always visually check the fuel level in each tank during the preflight inspection, and then compare it with the corresponding fuel quantity indication. Strainer If a fuel pump is installed in the fuel system, a fuel pressure Vent gauge is also included. This gauge indicates the pressure in the fuel lines. The normal operating pressure can be found Selector valve in the AFM/POH or on the gauge by color coding. Fuel Selectors The fuel selector valve allows selection of fuel from various tanks. A common type of selector valve contains four Carburetor Primer positions: LEFT, RIGHT, BOTH, and OFF. Selecting the LEFT or RIGHT position allows fuel to feed only from the respective tank, while selecting the BOTH position feeds Carburetor fuel from both tanks. The LEFT or RIGHT position may be used to balance the amount of fuel remaining in each wing tank. [Figure 7-31] Fuel placards show any limitations on fuel tank usage, such as “level flight only” and/or “both” for landings and takeoffs. Strainer Regardless of the type of fuel selector in use, fuel Electric pump Primer consumption should be monitored closely to ensure that a tank does not run completely out of fuel. Running a fuel tank Selector valve dry does not only cause the engine to stop, but running for prolonged periods on one tank causes an unbalanced fuel load between tanks. Running a tank completely dry may allow air to enter the fuel system and cause vapor lock, which makes it difficult to restart the engine. On fuel-injected engines, the OFF fuel becomes so hot it vaporizes in the fuel line, not allowing fuel to reach the cylinders. The tanks are vented to the outside to maintain atmospheric pressure inside the tank. They may be vented through the filler cap or through a tube extending through the surface of the wing. Fuel tanks also include an overflow drain that may stand alone or be collocated with the fuel tank vent. This allows fuel to expand with increases in temperature without damage to the tank itself. If the tanks have been filled on a hot day, it is not unusual to see fuel coming from the overflow drain. Fuel Gauges The fuel quantity gauges indicate the amount of fuel measured by a sensing unit in each fuel tank and is displayed in gallons or pounds. Aircraft certification rules require