Front Matter

Runway and Terrain Slopes Illusion ...................17-10 Appendix A Featureless Terrain Illusion ................................17-10 Performance Data for Cessna Model 172R Water Refraction .................................................17-10 and Challenger 605.............................................A-1 Haze ....................................................................17-10 Appendix B Fog ......................................................................17-10 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and NOTAM Ground Lighting Illusions ...................................17-10 Contractions .......................................................B-1 How To Prevent Landing Errors Due to Optical Illusions .....................................................17-10 Appendix C Motion Sickness .....................................................17-12 Airport Signs and Markings ...............................C-1 Carbon Monoxide (CO) Poisoning ........................17-12 Stress ......................................................................17-12 Glossary ..............................................................G-1 Fatigue ....................................................................17-13 Exposure to Chemicals ...........................................17-13 Index ......................................................................I-1 Hydraulic Fluid ...................................................17-13 Engine Oil ...........................................................17-14 Fuel .....................................................................17-14 Dehydration and Heatstroke ...................................17-14 Alcohol ...................................................................17-15 Drugs ......................................................................17-16 Altitude-Induced Decompression Sickness (DCS) .. 17-18 DCS After Scuba Diving ....................................17-18 Vision in Flight ..........................................................17-19 Vision Types ..........................................................17-20 Photopic Vision ..................................................17-20 Mesopic Vision ...................................................17-21 Scotopic Vision ...................................................17-21 Central Blind Spot ..................................................17-21 Empty-Field Myopia ..............................................17-22 Night Vision ...........................................................17-22 Night Blind Spot .................................................17-22 Dark Adaptation ..................................................17-23 Scanning Techniques .........................................17-23 Night Vision Protection ......................................17-23 Self-Imposed Stress ...........................................17-25 Distance Estimation and Depth Perception .......17-25 Binocular Cues ....................................................17-26 Night Vision Illusions ............................................17-26 Autokinesis .........................................................17-26 False Horizon ......................................................17-26 Reversible Perspective Illusion ...........................17-26 Size-Distance Illusion .........................................17-27 Fascination (Fixation) .........................................17-27 Flicker Vertigo ....................................................17-27 Night Landing Illusions ..........................................17-27 Enhanced Night Vision Systems ............................17-27 Synthetic Vision System .....................................17-28 Enhanced Flight Vision System ..........................17-28 Chapter Summary ......................................................17-29 xvi