Flight Instruments

An adjustment knob is provided with which the pilot may move Every pilot should be able to interpret the banking scale the miniature aircraft up or down to align the miniature aircraft with illustrated in Figure 8-24. Most banking scale indicators on the the horizon bar to suit the pilot’s line of vision. Normally, the top of the instrument move in the same direction from that in miniature aircraft is adjusted so that the wings overlap the horizon which the aircraft is actually banked. Some other models move bar when the aircraft is in straight-and-level cruising flight. in the opposite direction from that in which the aircraft is actually banked. This may confuse the pilot if the indicator is used The pitch and bank limits of an attitude indicator depend upon to determine the direction of bank. This scale should be used only the make and model of the instrument. Some attitude indicators to control the degree of desired bank. The relationship of the have limits in the banking plane from 100° to 110°, and the pitch miniature aircraft to the horizon bar should be used for an indication limits can be from 60° to 70°. For those attitude indicators that of the direction of bank. The attitude indicator is reliable and the display only pitch information of +/- 25° vertically, the most realistic flight instrument on the instrument panel. Its instrument could "peg" (stop) and remain at this pitch indication indications are very close approximations of the actual attitude of until the pitch no longer exceeds limitation or "tumble" and the aircraft. provide erroneous pitch and bank indications when the aircraft exceeds these limits. This may be extremely hazardous when the Heading Indicator aircraft is operating in instrument meteorological conditions or The heading indicator is fundamentally a mechanical confuse a pilot during an unusual attitude recovery. A number of instrument designed to facilitate the use of the magnetic modern attitude indicators do not have this problem. compass. Errors in the magnetic compass are numerous, 20 I0 2 I0 0 I 2 0 0 I0 20 2 2 0 0 I I 0 0 I 0 I 0 2 2 0 0 20 I0 2 I0 0 2 I0 0 I0 20 STBY PWR TEST STBY PWR TEST STBY PWR TEST Climbing left bank Straight climb Climbing right bank Pointer 10° 20° 3 0 B ° ank sc 2 I0 0 I0 20 45° a le 20 I0 2 I0 0 20 I0 I 2 0 0 20 I0 I0 20 60° 2 I0 0 I0 20 STBY PWR TEST 90° STBY PWR TEST I0 I0 20 20 STBY PWR TEST Level left bank Level right bank Artificial horizon Adjustment knob 2 I0 0 I0 20 20 I 0 I 0 20 20 I0 2 I0 0 20 I0 I 2 0 0 20 I 0 I 0 20 2 I0 0 I0 20 STBY PWR TEST STBY PWR TEST STBY PWR TEST Descending left bank Straight descent Descending right bank Figure 8-24. Attitude representation by the attitude indicator corresponds to the relation of the aircraft to the real horizon. 8-19