Front Matter

Principle of Operation .............................................8-7 Chapter 9 Instrument Check ....................................................8-8 Flight Manuals and Other Documents ...............9-1 Airspeed Indicator (ASI) ............................................8-8 Introduction ....................................................................9-1 Airspeed Indicator Markings ..................................8-9 Preliminary Pages .......................................................9-2 Other Airspeed Limitations ....................................8-9 General (Section 1) .....................................................9-2 Limitations (Section 2) ...............................................9-2 Instrument Check ..................................................8-10 Airspeed ..................................................................9-2 Blockage of the Pitot-Static System .........................8-10 Powerplant ..............................................................9-3 Blocked Pitot System ............................................8-10 Weight and Loading Distribution ...........................9-3 Blocked Static System ..........................................8-11 Flight Limits ...........................................................9-4 Electronic Flight Display (EFD) ..................................8-12 Airspeed Tape...........................................................8-12 Placards ...................................................................9-4 Attitude Indicator .....................................................8-13 Emergency Procedures (Section 3) ............................9-4 Altimeter ...................................................................8-13 Normal Procedures (Section 4) ..................................9-4 Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) .................................8-13 Performance (Section 5) .............................................9-4 Heading Indicator .....................................................8-13 Weight and Balance/Equipment List (Section 6) .......9-4 Turn Indicator ...........................................................8-13 Systems Description (Section 7) ................................9-4 Tachometer ...............................................................8-13 Handling, Service, and Maintenance (Section 8) .......9-5 Slip/Skid Indicator ....................................................8-13 Supplements (Section 9) .............................................9-5 Turn Rate Indicator ..................................................8-13 Safety Tips (Section 10) .............................................9-6 Air Data Computer (ADC) .......................................8-14 Aircraft Documents ........................................................9-6 Trend Vectors ...........................................................8-14 Certificate of Aircraft Registration.............................9-6 Gyroscopic Flight Instruments .....................................8-15 Airworthiness Certificate ...........................................9-7 Gyroscopic Principles...............................................8-15 Aircraft Maintenance ..................................................9-8 Rigidity in Space ...................................................8-15 Aircraft Inspections ........................................................9-8 Precession .............................................................8-15 Annual Inspection.......................................................9-8 100-Hour Inspection ...................................................9-8 Sources of Power ......................................................8-16 Other Inspection Programs .........................................9-9 Turn Indicators .........................................................8-16 Altimeter System Inspection ..................................9-9 Turn-and-Slip Indicator ........................................8-16 Transponder Inspection ..........................................9-9 Turn Coordinator ..................................................8-17 Emergency Locator Transmitter .............................9-9 Inclinometer..............................................................8-18 Yaw String ............................................................8-18 Preflight Inspections ...............................................9-9 Instrument Check ..................................................8-18 Minimum Equipment Lists (MEL) and Operations With Inoperative Equipment .........................................9-9 Attitude Indicator .....................................................8-18 Preventive Maintenance ...............................................9-10 Heading Indicator .....................................................8-19 Maintenance Entries .............................................9-10 Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) ...8-20 Examples of Preventive Maintenance ..................9-10 The Flux Gate Compass System ..............................8-20 Remote Indicating Compass .....................................8-21 Repairs and Alterations ............................................9-12 Instrument Check ..................................................8-22 Special Flight Permits ..............................................9-12 Airworthiness Directives (ADs) ..................................9-12 Angle of Attack Indicators ...........................................8-22 Aircraft Owner/Operator Responsibilities ...................9-13 Compass Systems.........................................................8-23 Chapter Summary ........................................................9-13 Magnetic Compass ...................................................8-23 Magnetic Compass Induced Errors .......................8-24 Chapter 10 The Vertical Card Magnetic Compass .....................8-27 Weight and Balance ..........................................10-1 Lags or Leads ........................................................8-27 Introduction ..................................................................10-1 Eddy Current Damping .........................................8-27 Weight Control .............................................................10-1 Outside Air Temperature (OAT) Gauge ......................8-28 Effects of Weight......................................................10-2 Chapter Summary ........................................................8-28 Weight Changes .......................................................10-2 xi